Salivary profile of children with erosive tooth wear: a transversal study.

The aim of the present transversal study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical salivary parameters of children with and without erosive tooth wear (ETW). The study population was children aged 4 to 9 years. A trained and calibrated examiner (kappa value for intraexaminer reliability = 0.89) classified the children into ETW (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24), and applied the O'Brien index. The salivary flow rate was initially evaluated by stimulated sialometry (paraffin chewing). Afterwards, the collected saliva was submitted to biochemical analyses of pH, uric acid, total buffering capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, reduced glutathione, calcium, and phosphorus. Among the ETW children, 20 (83%) had dental lesions restricted to enamel, and 4 (17%) presented lesions affecting both enamel and dentin. A statistically significant difference between the groups was obtained only for the pH values (t-test; p = 0.004), with averages of 7.31 and 7.56 for the control and the ETW groups, respectively. Considering the parameters evaluated in general, it is suggested that the salivary profile of children with ETW does not differ considerably from that of children without ETW. However, the pH mean value seems to be slightly higher in ETW children, but is still within the normal physiological range.

Salivary profile of children with erosive tooth wear: a transversal study

Abstract The aim of the present transversal study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical salivary parameters of children with and without erosive tooth wear (ETW). The study population was children aged 4 to 9 years. A trained and calibrated examiner (kappa value for intraexaminer reliability = 0.89) classified the children into ETW (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24), and applied the O'Brien index. The salivary flow rate was initially evaluated by stimulated sialometry (paraffin chewing). Afterwards, the collected saliva was submitted to biochemical analyses of pH, uric acid, total buffering capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, reduced glutathione, calcium, and phosphorus. Among the ETW children, 20 (83%) had dental lesions restricted to enamel, and 4 (17%) presented lesions affecting both enamel and dentin. A statistically significant difference between the groups was obtained only for the pH values (t-test; p = 0.004), with averages of 7.31 and 7.56 for the control and the ETW groups, respectively. Considering the parameters evaluated in general, it is suggested that the salivary profile of children with ETW does not differ considerably from that of children without ETW. However, the pH mean value seems to be slightly higher in ETW children, but is still within the normal physiological range.

Efeitos do uso de produtos clareadores de autoaplicação sobre a superfície de uma resina composta nanoparticulada / The effects of over-the-counter bleaching products on the surface of nanofilled composite

Objetivo: Avaliar a alteração da rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta nanoparticulada (Filtek Z350 XT ® ) após o uso de produtos clareadores de autoaplicação contento baixa concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio. Métodos: Para isto, foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova deste material, divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos com 10 amostras cada, da seguinte forma: G1 (grupo controle) no qual as amostras não foram submetidas à ação de nenhum produto clareador; G2, realização de procedimento clareador com peróxido de hidrogênio a 10% (Crest 3D White Professional Effects Whitestrips ® ) em 2 aplicações de 30 minutos, por 10 dias consecutivos; e G3, tratamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 7,7% (pincel Pretty Smile ® ) com o mesmo número de aplicações, tempo e dias do G2. Após este período cada corpo de prova foi analisado no rugosímetro Surftest SJ-301, para determinar a sua rugosidade superficial média. Estes dados foram então submetidos à análise estatística por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, nível de significância de 5% para comparações múltiplas. Resultados: Ao final do experimento, houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre o grupo controle (G1) e os demais grupos (G2 e G3), com p < 0,05. Porém, quando analisados apenas os grupos submetidos ao clareamento com o peróxido de hidrogênio em diferentes concentrações (G2 e G3), não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Após 10 dias, os produtos clareadores testados determinaram aumento significativo nos valores de rugosidade superficial média da resina composta nanoparticulada.

Aim: Tod evaluate the change in surface roughness of a nanoparticulate composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT ® ) after using over-the-counter bleaching products, containing a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Methods: For this, 30 specimens of this material were made, randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 samples each, as follows: G1 (control group) in which the samples were not subjected to the action of any bleaching product; G2, performing a bleaching procedure with 10% hydrogen peroxide (Crest 3D White Professional Effects Whitestrips ® ), in 2 applications of 30 minutes, for 10 consecutive days; and G3, treatment with 7.7% hydrogen peroxide (Pretty Smile ® ), with the same number of applications, time, and days as G2. After this period, each specimen was analyzed, using the Surftest SJ-301, to determine its average surface roughness. These data were then subjected to statistical analysis through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Test, with a significance level of 5% for multiple comparisons. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the control group (G1) and the other groups (G2 and G3), with p < 0.05. However, when analyzing only the groups submitted to bleaching agents with hydrogen peroxide in different concentrations (G2 and G3), no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After 10 days, the bleaching products tested in this study determined a significant increase in the average surface roughness values of the nanoparticulate composite resin.

Traumatismo em dente com rizogênese incompleta: caso clínico / Traumatism in tooth with incomplete rizogenesis: clinical case

O traumatismo dentário acontece de maneira frequente, tendo maior prevalência em incisivos centrais, podendo ocorrer de várias formas, acometendo o tecido duro e o tecido de sustentação do dente. A severidade do trauma pode ocasionar um processo degenerativo ou uma lesão irreversível até a mortificação da polpa, por isso deve-se observar o estágio de desenvolvimento do dente para correta terapêutica diante de uma rizogênese completa ou incompleta. A necrose pulpar em um dente com ápice incompleto paralisa o seu processo de desenvolvimento o que torna necessário a realização da apicificação. O objetivo desse presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de traumatismo em um dente com rizogênese incompleta e a conduta terapêutica instituída para promover a apicificação do mesmo. Entretanto, Durante o tratamento foi um grande desafio promover o fechamento do ápice que fora paralisado após o trauma. Portanto, foi preciso realizar várias sessões de medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio que é o material mais indicado para induzir a formação de barreira calcificada para fechamento completo do ápice(AU)

The dental trauma occurs frequently, having a higher prevalence in central incisors, and can occur in several ways, affecting the hard tissue and the tooth support tissue. The severity of the trauma can cause a degenerative process or an irreversible lesion until the mortification of the pulp, so the stage of development of the tooth must be observed for correct therapy in the presence of complete or incomplete rhizogenesis. Pulp necrosis in a tooth with an incomplete apex paralyzes its development process, which makes it necessary to perform the inoculation. The objective of this present work is to report a clinical case of trauma in a tooth with incomplete rhizogenesis and the therapeutic conduct instituted to promote the apicification of the same. However, during the treatment it was a great challenge to promote the closure of the apex that had been paralyzed after the trauma. Therefore, it was necessary to perform several intracanal medication sessions with calcium hydroxide, which is the most suitable material to induce the formation of a calcified barrier for complete closure of the apex(AU)

Avaliação da influência da profilaxia sobre a alteração de cor em superfícies dentárias bovinas coradas com diferentes pigmentos / Prophylaxis influence the evaluation of the color change in bovine tooth surfaces stained with different pigments

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a alteração de cor em dentes bovinos pigmentados com diferentes soluções e a remoção de manchas extrínsecas com profilaxia profissional. Foram utilizados 50 dentes bovinos sem manchas nem trincas, divididos em 5 grupos (n=10): Coca-Cola® (G1), café (G2), dendê (G3), vinho tinto (G4) e saliva artificial (Controle - G5). Os dentes foram mantidos conservados na saliva artificial, posteriormente, foram submersos dentro de um recipiente plástico em suas respectivas substâncias por um período de 24 horas. Logo após, passaram pela fase de profilaxia em baixa rotação por um minuto em toda face vestibular. Sob padronização de iluminação e confecção de uma estrutura, foram realizados 3 tempos de fotografias de cada grupo de dentes. A 1ª foi inicial, a 2ª após a pigmentação e a 3ª após a profilaxia. Valores de luminosidade foram registrados a partir dessas imagens digitais usando o software Adobe Photoshop 12.0. Os dados foram analisados pela One way ANOVA e o teste de Tukey-Kramer. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o vinho tinto e o dendê foram as únicas soluções que tiveram extrema significância (p<0,001) na pigmentação dentária. Porém, clinicamente, a olho nu, foi possível notar manchas somente para o vinho tinto, e algumas regiões de manchamento para o café. As manchas formadas pelo vinho tinto tiveram maior facilidade de remoção. A Coca-Cola® não mostrou alteração clínica nem estatística (AU).

The objective of this research was to evaluate the change of color in bovine teeth pigmented with different solutions, and the removal of extrinsic stains with professional prophylaxis. Fifty bovine teeth without spots or cracks were divided into 5 groups (n=10): Coke® (G1), coffee (G2), palm oil (G3), red wine (G4), and artificial saliva (control - G5). The teeth were kept stored in artificial saliva, and then were submerged into a plastic container with the respective substance for 24 hours. Immediately after that they were submitted to a low-speed prophylaxis for one minute along buccal surface. Under standardized lighting and production of a structure, each group of teeth was photographed three times: before pigmentation, after pigmentation, and after prophylaxis. Luminosity values from the digital images were recorded using Adobe Photoshop 12.0. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test. The results showed that red wine and palm oil were the only solutions that have extreme significance (p<0.001) over the dental pigmentation. However, clinically, to the naked eye, stains were noticible only for red wine, and some coffee stains. Red wine stains were easier to remove. No clinical or statistical changes were observed in the Coke® group (AU).

Acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico em Odontologia: uma responsabilidade no ensino / Occupational accidents with biological material in Dentistry: a teaching responsibility

Durante a graduação em Odontologia o aluno enfrenta situações que podem causar danos à própria saúde, visto que estão expostos a diversos riscos ocupacionais com material biológico. Com o intuito de contribuir com dados que auxiliem na formação acadêmica, propõe-se verificar a ocorrência, as características dos acidentes com material biológico, o conhecimento e a aplicação de ações preventivas e condutas pós-exposição. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, transversal e descritiva utilizando um questionário de autopreenchimento aplicado a 195 estudantes do curso de Odontologia que tenham contato com procedimentos clínicos. Dos entrevistados, 23,6% sofreram acidentes ocupacionais, com predomínio do sexo feminino (78,3%), frequentemente acometendo as mãos (66,7%), e a maioria causados por sonda exploradora (30,1%). Observou-se que 34,9% sofreram acidentes percutâneos, somente 18,7% procurou auxílio médico e 6,3% relataram não usar equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no momento do acidente. Lavar o local afetado com água e sabão (54,7%) foi a principal conduta pós-exposição. A ocorrência de acidentes frente ao contato com material contaminado desperta atenção devido ao uso incompleto ou não uso de EPI, além da pouca procura por atendimento médico após os acidentes. Os acadêmicos relataram ter conhecimento da legislação relacionada à saúde do trabalhador e de como proceder em caso de acidentes ocupacionais. É necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino que incluam uma supervisão mais eficaz, medidas que motivem a atenção para redução dos acidentes ocupacionais e o aumento da notificação de casos, de maneira contínua (AU).

In Dental School, undergraduate students face situations that can cause health problems due to exposure to various occupational risks with biological material. In order to make contributions using data in academic training, the aim of this study is to verify the occurrence, characteristics of accidents with biological material, the knowledge and application of preventive actions, and post-exposure behavior. This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire by 195 dental students who have started clinical procedures. Of the interviewees, 23.6% had occupational accidents with a higher frequency of females (78.3%), commonly in the hands (66.7%) and most of them caused by an explorer probe (30.1%). It was observed that 34.9% had percutaneous accidents, but only 18.7% sought medical assistance and 6.3% reported not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at the time of the exposure. Washing the affected area with soap and water (54.7%) was the most common behavior performed postexposure. The occurrence of accidents with contaminated materials is alarming due to the incomplete use or non-use of PPE, in addition to the low demand for medical care after the injury. The students reported that they were aware of work health and safety legislation and how to proceed in case of occupational accidents. There is a need for the development of teaching strategies in a continuous way that include more effective supervision that motivates the students to reduce occupational accidents while increasing the number of students reporting incidents of biological exposure (AU).

Análise da prescrição de radiografias por acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma universidade pública brasileira e desenvolvimento de um modelo didático / Analysis of the radiographic requests used by dental students of a Brazilian Public University and the development of a didactic model

A elaboração do diagnóstico correto e tratamento adequado é um dos maiores desafios que o cirurgião-dentista enfrenta na prática clínica. As radiografias são exames complementares neste processo, fornecendo informações importantes, e a radiografia panorâmica se destaca pela grande área examinada e pequena dose de radiação. O princípio da Justificação na Portaria SVS/MS nº 453/98 afirma que os exames devem apresentar um motivo para exposição do paciente à radiação X. Objetivou-se analisar as prescrições de exames radiográficos por acadêmicos de Odontologia, encaminhadas ao Setor de Radiologia Odontológica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) quanto às informações fornecidas e à justificação da exposição. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional transversal baseado em dados secundários. Foram utilizadas todas as solicitações de exames recebidos e executados no setor de Radiologia da UFES, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2015. Foram analisadas 1251 solicitações de exames radiográficos sendo que 1174 eram referentes a exames panorâmicos. Constatou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes era do gênero feminino, 48,5% das solicitações não foram datadas, apenas 15,8% possuíam registro da suspeita clínica, sendo que dessas 58,68% traziam como justificativa "para fins de diagnóstico". Também foi observado que 92,1% estavam assinadas, 91,9% foram carimbadas, 53,2% das solicitações eram manuscritas e a disciplina que mais solicitou foi a Estomatologia. Em conclusão, ficou clara a necessidade de serem reforçados os conteúdos sobre a forma correta de se prescrever um exame complementar no curso de graduação (AU).

The development of a correct diagnosis and an effective treatment is one of the biggest challenges that the dentist must face on the clinic. The panoramic radiography is a complementary exam used on the stands out for the large area examined and a small radiation dose. The Justification principle on the Ordinance SVS/MS n° 453/98 states that the exams must have a reason to expose the patient to X-ray radiation. The objective of this study was to analyze the radiographic requests sent to the Radiology Division of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), searching for the information given by the requester, as well as the justification of the exposure. It was a transversal study based on secondary data. All requests for exams received and executed by the Radiology Department of UFES, between January 2013 and December 2015, were used. A total of 1251 requests were analyzed in which 1174 referred to panoramic exams. Most of the patients were female, 48.5% did not have a date, only 15,8% had a clinic indication and 58.68% of these brought as justification "for diagnosis". Also, were observed that 92,1% were singed and 91,9% stamped, 53.2% were handwritten and came mostly from the Stomalogy clinic. In conclusion, it was clear the need to reinforce the teachings about the correct way to request complementary exams in the undergraduate course (AU).

Infiltrante resinoso vs Microabrasão no manejo de lesões de mancha branca: relato de caso / Resin infiltration vs microabrasion in white-spot lesions treatment: case report

Objetivo: Apresentar caso clínico de tratamento estético das lesões de mancha branca após tratamento ortodôntico nos dentes superiores anteriores através de duas técnicas minimamente invasivas usando o sistema de infiltração de resina e microabrasão. Relato de caso: Paciente com 18 anos de idade apresentava lesões de manchas brancas inativas nos dentes 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23. O sistema de infiltrante de resina Icon (DMG, Hamburgo, Alemanha) foi utilizado nos dentes 11, 12, 13, enquanto os dentes 21, 22, 23 foram submetidos à microabrasão com Whiteness RM (FGM, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil).Ambos os protocolos foram utilizados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante.Nos dentes 21 e 22, o produto para microabrasão foi aplicado com espátula que acompanha o kit, enquanto que no dente 23 utilizou-se o mesmo produto aplicado com taça de borracha em baixa rotação, todos os procedimentos executados por um único operador. A microabrasão com taça de borracha proporcionou uma superfície mais lisa e homogênea.Ambos os produtos tiveram resultados satisfatórios na resolução estética das lesões de mancha branca após um ano de acompanhamento. Conclusão: Os dois produtos apresentam bom desempenho e resolutividade para os problemas estéticos de lesões de manchas brancas inativas, entretanto deve-se levar em conta o tempo clínico, toxicidade, a atividade da lesão e a possibilidade de desgaste da estrutura dentária.

Objective: To present a case report of aesthetic treatment of post orthodontic white--spot lesions in the anterior superior teeth through two minimally invasive technique susing resin infiltration system or microabrasion. Case report: Patient 17 years of age had inactive white-spots lesions on teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23. The teeth 11, 12, 13 received the resin infiltrating system Icon (DMG, Hamburg, Germany) while the teeth 21, 22, 23were submitted to microabrasion with Whiteness RM (FGM, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil). Both protocols were used according to manufacturer’s recommendations. In the teeth 21 and 22, the product of the microabrasion was applied with a spatula that accompanied the kit, while the tooth 23 received the same product applied with a rubbercup at low speed turbine, all by a single operator. The microabrasion with rubber cupoccasioned a more smooth and homogeneous surface. Both products had satisfactory results in aesthetic resolution of the white-spots lesions, for a 1-year follow-up. Conclusion:Although both products are able to resolve aesthetic problems of inactive white-spots lesions, it should be taken into account the clinical time, toxicity, the activity ofthe lesion and the possibility of wear of the tooth structure.

Compromised salivary parameters of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the salivary parameters of individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and determine if there is a correlation with the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). STUDY DESIGN: Stimulated whole saliva was collected from children, aged 6 to 12 years, with JIA (n = 36) and compared with saliva from a control group (CG) composed of healthy children matched by demographic characteristics (n = 36). Salivary parameters evaluated were amylase and peroxidase activities, calcium, phosphate, and total sialic acid concentration. Data were compared by two-tailed Student's t test, and salivary parameters were evaluated for correlations with OHI-S by Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: The JIA group had a statistically significant reduction in all salivary parameters: α-amylase (20%) (CG, 9.84 ± 4.23; JIA 4.80 ± 3.10) and peroxidase (55%) (CG, 35.05 ± 14.97; JIA, 15.78 ± 6.44) activities, total sialic acid (25%) (CG, 0.024 ± 0.01; JIA, 0.010 ± 0.04), calcium (13%) (CG, 6.26 ± 2.26; JIA, 5.44 ± 2.26) and phosphate (50%) (CG, 10.88 ± 1.49; JIA, 5.45 ± 0.88) concentration compared with the CG (P ≤ .05). There were no significant correlations between the salivary parameters and OHI-S in either group. CONCLUSION: JIA patients showed a reduction of different salivary parameters involved in maintaining oral health.

Análise da influência do polimento e da proteção superficial na rugosidade superficial dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro / Analysis of the influence of polishing and superficial protection on surface roughness of glass ionomer cements

Alguns critérios são utilizados para qualificar restaurações com cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV), como a rugosidade superficial. O aumento desta resulta na retenção de substratos, pigmentos e micro-organismos, aumentando o risco de recidivas de cárie e redução da longevidade da restauração. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a rugosidade superficial de diferentes CIVs, analisando a influência do polimento e da proteção superficial. Três CIVs foram analisados: dois convencionais (Vitro Fil R - DFL; Ketac Molar Easymix - 3M) e um modificado por resina (Vitro Fil LC - DFL). Foram confeccionados 60 corpos de prova, divididos em seis grupos (n=10), 3 controles (G1, G3 e G5) que não receberam qualquer tratamento de superfície, e 3 experimentais (G2, G4 e G6), cujos espécimes foram desgastados com ponta diamantada e polidos com discos abrasivos, com posterior aplicação de protetor superficial. Para análise da rugosidade superficial, utilizou-se o rugosímetro Surftest 301. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, nível de significância de 5%. O CIV modificado por resina apresentou menor valor de rugosidade superficial, embora todos os CIVs testados tenham apresentado aumento significativo da rugosidade após o tratamento de superfície. Em relação à proteção superficial, o grupo tratado com glaze apresentou rugosidade inferior aos grupos tratados com vaselina sólida e esmalte cosmético. O CIV modificado por resina apresentou rugosidade superficial inferior aos CIVs convencionais, e dentre os métodos de proteção, o glaze determinou o menor valor de rugosidade superficial média...

Some criteria such as surface roughness are used to qualify the restorations with glass ionomer cement (GIC). The increased roughness results in the retention of substrate, pigments and microorganisms, increasing the risk of developing caries and reducing the longevity of the restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the surface roughness of GICs used as a restorative material, analyzing the influence of polishing and surface protection. Three GICs were analyzed: two conventional (Vitro Fil R û DFL; Ketac Molar Easymix - 3M) and one resin-modified (Vitro Fil LC - DFL). Sixty specimens were prepared, divided into six groups (n=10), 3 controls (G1, G3 and G5) that received no surface treatment, and 3 experimental groups (G2, G4 and G6), in which the specimens were subjected to wear with diamond bur and polishing with abrasive discs, with subsequent application of protective surface. For analysis of surface roughness, we used the rugosimeter Surftest 301. The values obtained were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and TukeyÆs test with a significance level of 5%. The resin modified GIC showed the lowest surface roughness. Although all GICs tested showed significant increase in roughness after surface treatment. The group treated with the glaze had less roughness than groups treated with solid vaseline and cosmetic enamel. The resin modified GIC had less surface roughness than conventional GICs, and among studied methods the glaze has presented lower values for average surface roughness...

Salivary flow rate and biochemical composition analysis in stimulated whole saliva of children with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: It is recognized that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients present a risk for oral diseases, since it affects exocrine glands, and the treatment consists of a carbohydrate-rich diet. Recognizing the protective function of saliva on maintaining oral health, the aim of the study was to evaluate salivary parameters in stimulated whole saliva from children with CF. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted comparing stimulated whole saliva of healthy (n=28; control group) and CF children (n=21; experimental group). Salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity (total and in each range of pH), total protein and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) concentration, α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities were evaluated. Data were compared by two-tailed Student t test (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: CF patients presented a significant reduction in salivary parameters compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05): salivary flow rate (36%), buffer capacity (pH range from 6.9 to 6.0), sialic acid concentration (total 75%, free 61%, and conjugated 83%); α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities (55%). Additionally, a significant increase in total protein concentration (180%) of stimulated whole saliva from CF patients was verified compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with CF presented significant changes in salivary composition, including salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and protective proteins of the oral cavity, compared with children without CF.

Biofilme dental em crianças com erosão dentária / Dental biofilm in children with dental erosion

Objetivo: o presente estudo quantificou o biofilme dental por meio do índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) de Greene e Vermillion, em crianças com erosão dentária, comparando-as com crianças sem esse problema de saúde bucal. Sujeitos e método: participaram do estudo quarenta crianças, de quatro a nove anos de idade, examinadas por um único examinador treinado de acordo com o índice de O´Brien para o diagnóstico de erosão dentária, sendo que vinte crianças apresentavam erosão nos dentes e vinte crianças não a apresentavam. Posteriormente, elas receberam orientaçõese padronização para a avaliação do IHO-S. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística univariada de Poisson. Valores de razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram calculados. Resultados: a média (desvio padrão) do IHO-S de crianças com erosão foi de 1,20 (0,40), menor que as crianças do grupo controle 1,75 (0,45). A quantidade de biofilme foi associada à presença de erosão dentária (RP IC 95% = 0.390; 0.180-0.833) e valor de p = 0.027. Conclusões: crianças com erosão nos dentes apresentaram uma quantidade significativamente menor de biofilme em relação às crianças sem esse problema. O biofilme pode ser um possível fator protetor contra os ataques ácidos e o desenvolvimento da erosão dentária.

Exploring some aspects associated with dentine hypersensitivity in children.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is still inconclusive and there are few studies concerning it in children. AIM: To evaluate clinical, dietary, and salivary variables in children with DH complaints. DESIGN: Forty-eight children were asked about DH. Data regarding dietary habits were collected from the children's parents and an examination was performed to determine dental erosion. Dental biofilm was estimated by oral hygiene status, according to Greene and Vermillion's Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Whole saliva was collected under mechanical stimulation and evaluated salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity, and calcium and phosphate concentrations. The temperature of soft drinks, drinking method, sense of bitter taste, and other variables were also determined. Possible factors associated with DH were analyzed by univariate and multiple Poisson regression analyses. The prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: DH was associated with the presence of dental erosion (PR; 95% CI = 2.23; 1.05 to 4.71) and salivary flow rate (2.49; 1.05 to 5.91). When the presence of erosion was not included, other variables were retained as follows: bitter taste (2.36; 1.38 to 4.03), OHI-S (0.47; 0.23 to 0.97). CONCLUSION: DH in children is associated with factors related to dental erosion.

Hiperplasia do processo coronoide: relato de caso clínico / Mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia: case report

A hiperplasia do processo coronoide mandibular (HPCM) é uma condição rara, caracterizada pela limitação de abertura de boca. Causada pela impactação do processo coronoide na porção posterior do osso zigomático. Os autores apresentam um caso de uma criança de dois anos de idade em que a coronoidectomia por ser inviável, estimulou a busca por novos recursos terapêuticos para o tratamento e controle da condição. Sendo a coronoidectomia o tratamento de eleição sugerido pela literatura e não passível de realização, optou-se pela fisioterapia. Mediante uma revisão de literatura, foi possível concluir que os recursos fisioterápicos utilizados para as disfunções crâniomandibulares podem ser de grande ajuda para o controle da HPCM, tendo em vista que o principal sintoma da doença corresponde a um dos sintomas das DTMs...

The mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia (MCPH) is a rare condition characterized by the mouth opening limitation. Caused by an impaction of the coronoid process in the posterior portion of the zygomatic bone. The authors present a case of a child, 2 years old, which coronoidectomy treatment is unfeasible, therefore, stimulated the search for new therapeutic resources for the treatment and control the condition. Being the coronoidectomy the treatment of choice suggested by the literature and not possible to apply, we opted for the physiotherapy. Through a literature review, it was concluded that the physiotherapy resources used for craniomandibular dysfunctions can be a great help to control the MCPH, given that the main symptom of the disease corresponds to one of the symptoms of TMD...

Quantification of Dental Biofilm in Children with Dental Erosion

To quantify dental biofilmthrough the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) proposed by Greene and Vermillion in children with dental erosion comparing them to children without this oral health problem.Material and Methods:The study included 48 children aged 4-9 years treated at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry of the Cruzeiro do Sul University, examined by a single trained and calibrated examiner according to O'Brien index for the diagnosis of dental erosion, in which 24 children had erosion lesions in teeth and 24 children did not have this oral health problem. Later, children received guidance and standardization for the OHI-S evaluation. Data were analyzed by the Poisson univariate logistic regression. Prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated. Results:The mean (standard deviation) of the OHI-S of children who had dental erosion was 1.19 (0.38), lower than children in the group without dental erosion 1.73 (0.44). The amount of biofilm on teeth was associated with the presence of dental erosion (OR 95% CI = 0.393; 0188-0822) and p-value = 0.013. Regarding the reduction in the WSL dimension, no significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.931). Conclusion:Children with dental erosion showed a significantly lower amount of biofilm compared to children without this oral health problem, and dental biofilm can be a possible protective factor against acid attacks and development of dental erosion...

Photodynamic therapy in pediatric dentistry.

Conservation of deciduous teeth with pulp alterations caused by caries and trauma is a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric dentistry as a result of the internal anatomy and life cycle characteristic. It is essential that the root canal procedures sanitizers have a performance in eliminating bacterial. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PAT) is promising and emerging as adjuvant therapy in an attempt to eliminate the microorganisms persistent to chemi-mechanical preparation. Since there is presence of oxygen in cells, photosensitizer activated by light can react with molecules in its vicinity by electrons' or hydrogen's transfer, leading to microorganism death. This paper reports the case of 4-year-old patient, female, with early childhood caries. The proposed endodontic treatment incuded chemomechanical treatment allied to PAT in the decontamination of root canals using methylene blue dye 50 µg/mL during 3-5 minutes and 40 J/cm(2) as energy density, taking into account the need for tissue penetration and effectiveness of PAT inside the dentinal tubules.

Avaliação da rugosidade superficial de diferentes resinas compostas após a realização do acabamento e polimento / Evaluation of the surface roughness of different composites after finishing and polishing

A grande aplicabilidade clínica e a difusão do uso da resina composta geraram uma série de questionamentos sobre as características e o comportamento deste material. Dentre estes, a impossibilidade de formar uma superfície perfeitamente lisa devido aos fatores como o tamanho das partículas e a necessidade de ajustes após a confecção da restauração. Com o intuito de reduzir a rugosidade superficial, diferentes métodos de acabamento e polimento têm sido propostos. Avaliou-se a rugosidade superficial de dois diferentes tipos de resina composta, microparticulada e nanoparticulada, após a realização do acabamento e polimento final. Para isto, foram utilizadas a resina composta microparticulada Durafill VS (Heraeus-Kulzer) e as resinas nanoparticuladas Filtek Z350 XT (3M-ESPE®), Opallis (FGM®) e IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent®). Com essas, foram confeccionados 14 corpos de prova de cada resina composta, submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento, seguindo as seguintes etapas: desgaste com ponta diamantada 2135 F (KG Sorensen®), polimento com a sequência de borrachas abrasivas (Ivoclar Vivadent®) e discos de feltro com pasta diamantada. Cada espécime foi submetida à leitura em rugosímetro para determinação da rugosidade superficial. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre as rugosidades superficiais dos materiais restauradores testados e o sistema de polimento utilizado foi eficaz no aumento da lisura superficial.

The large clinical applicability and propagation of the use of composites have raised many questions about the characteristics and behavior of these materials. Among them is the impossibility of obtaining a perfectly smooth surface, due to factors such as particle size and adjustments required after the restoration is complete. In order to reduce the surface rough-ness, different finishing and polishing methods have been proposed. It was evaluated the surface roughness of two different kinds of composites, microparticle and nanoparticle, after finishing and polishing procedures. For this, we used the microfilled composite, Durafill VS (Heraeus-Kulzer) and nanoparticle composites, Filtek Z350 XT (3M-ESPE), Opallis (FGM), and IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent). Fourteen specimens were fabricated of each composite, and submitted to the same finishing and polishing procedures by following these steps: wear with a Diamond point 2135 F (KG Sorensen), polished with abrasive silicone rubber points sequence (Ivoclar Vivadent), and felt wheels with diamond paste. Each sample was submit¬ted to superficial roughness evaluation using a rugosimeter. Data were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis and Tukey test at a level of significance of 5%. There were no significant statistically differences between the surface roughness of the tested restorative materials and the polishing system used was effective in increasing surface smoothness.

Effect of astaxanthin and fish oil on enzymatic antioxidant system and ?-amylase activity of salivary glands from rats

Salivary glands contribute to oral health. It is therefore of interest to study therapies that may favor their function and protection. AIM: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin, fish oil and association of them on enzymatic antioxidant system and functional parameters of salivary glands. METHODS: Healthy rats (n=32) were divided into 4 groups: untreated-control, astaxanthin-treated (1 mg/kg body weight- BW), fish oil-treated (10 mg EPA/kg BW and 7 mg DHA/kg BW), and fish oil plus astaxanthin-treated. A prophylactic dose was administered in each group daily by gavage, for 45 days. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and α-amylase activities were determined in salivary glands and compared by ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Parotid gland presented increased catalase and glutathione system and unaffected SOD activity after astaxanthin and astaxanthin plus fish oil treatment (p<0.05). Fish oil stimulated only glutathione peroxidase activity of parotid gland (p<0.05). Submandibular gland presented stimulated SOD and catalase, and reduced glutathione reductase activities after fish oil and fish oil plus astaxanthin treatment (p<0.05). SOD and glutathione reductase activities were reduced by astaxanthin treatment in submandibular gland (p<0.05). Parotid gland presented increased α-amylase activity in all groups supplemented and submandibular glands presented no changes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Astaxanthin, fish oil and combination of them stimulated the antioxidant system and functional parameter of salivary glands, which could be beneficial to oral health.

Clinical oral and salivary parameters of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical oral and salivary parameters of individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical parameters and whole saliva were collected from children aged 6 to 12 years with JIA (n = 36) and from a healthy, matched control group (n = 36). The clinical and salivary parameters evaluated were the dental caries (decayed, missing, or filled teeth), gingival and simplified oral hygiene indices, salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, and secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations. RESULTS: JIA individuals presented poorer oral hygiene (P ≤ .05) but no difference in the dental caries and gingival indices. JIA patients presented an increase in total protein concentration (86%) and buffer capacity in the range of pH 6.9 to 6.0 (10%) and a reduction in initial pH (6%), buffer capacity in the range of pH ≥ 7.0 (50%), and immunoglobulin A concentration (27%) (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS: JIA is associated with poor oral hygiene and salivary changes, including reductions in immune factors and an altered profile of salivary buffer capacity.

Efeito do gênero (masculino e feminino) sobre a cárie dentária e parâmetros salivares de crianças / Effect of gender on dental caries and salivary parameters of children

Objetivo: avaliar o índice de cárie dentária e parâmetros salivares comparando meninos e meninas.Métodos: a saliva total estimulada mecanicamente com parafilm foi coletada de 46 crianças saudáveis, com quatro a seis anos de idade, sendo 24 meninos e 22 meninas. As crianças foram divididas em subgrupos de acordo com o gênero (meninos e meninas) e presença de cárie dentária (cavidades de cárie, CC; livres de cárie, CF). A cárie dentária foi avaliada usando os critérios da OMS e Kappa=0,87. O grupo CC foi definido pela presença de no mínimo três superfícies com necessidade de restauração e o grupo CF pela ausência de dentes com lesões de cárie clinicamente detectáveis (ceo-s=o). Os parâmetros salivares avaliados foram o fluxo salivar, a concentração de proteína total e a atividade enzimática da peroxidase. Os resultados foram comparados por teste t de Student e Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey para contraste de média (p≤0,05). Resultados: crianças com cárie dentária apresentaram redução de 33% do fluxo salivar comparadas com crianças sem cárie dentária (p≤0,05). Entre as crianças com cárie dentária, as meninas apresentaram maior índice de cárie dentária comparadas com os meninos (98%, p≤0.05). As meninas apresentaram diferenças salivares mais pronunciadas comparados aos meninos, com maior concentração de proteína total e menor fluxo salivar e atividade da peroxidase (p≤0,05). Conclusão: o estudo sugere que o gênero pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de cárie dentária e parâmetros salivares de crianças...

Objective: To evaluate the dental caries index and salivary parametersin boys and girls. Method: Whole stimulated saliva by chewing Parafilm® was collected from 46 healthy children (24 boys and 22 girls) aged 4 to 6 years. The children were assigned to subgroups according to gender (boys andgirls) and dental caries (CC û caries cavities; CF û caries free). Dentalcaries was evaluated using the WHO criteria and kappa=0.87. The CC group was defined by the presence of at least three surfaces requiring restoration while the CF group was characterized by the absence of clinically detectable caries (ceo-s=0). The following salivary parameters were evaluated: salivary flow, total protein concentration andperoxidase enzymatic activity. The results were compared by theStudentÆs t-test, ANOVA and TukeyÆs multiple-comparison test (p≤0.05).Results: Children with dental caries presented a 33% reduction of salivary flow compared to the caries-free children (p≤0.05). Among the children with dental caries, the girls had a greater caries index than the boys (98%, p≤0.05). The girls presented more accentuated salivary parameters than boys, with greater total protein concentration, lower salivary flow and lower peroxidase activity (p≤0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests that gender might influence the development of dental caries and the salivary parameters in children...